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Factors
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Independent and controllable variables which can change the output of a process utilized in DOE.
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Failure Effect
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From an FMEA – What the effect will be to other functions, systems, customers etc.
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Failure Mode
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From an FMEA – Ways in which the process is expected to fail to perform.
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FIFO Lane
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A lane where material is fed in and pulled out as a “first-in first-out”. A maximum quantity predetermined and designed to allow only the maximum into the lane.
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Fishbone Diagram
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See Cause and Effect Diagram
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Fixed Effects Model
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A situation where a model is generated from the  or  for fixed factor levels.
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Fixed Factors
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The levels of the factors used in an experiment were the specific levels are of interest.
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Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
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An integrated manufacturing capability to produce small numbers of a great variety of items at low unit cost. An FMS is also characterized by low changeover time and rapid response time.
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Flow
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A main objective of the lean production effort, and one of the important concepts that passed directly from Henry Ford to Toyota. Ford recognized that, ideally, production should flow continuously all the way from raw material to the customer and envisioned realizing that ideal through a production system that acted as one long conveyor. Also see Barriers to Flow
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Flow Chart
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A problem solving tool that illustrates a process. It can show the "as is" process or "should be" process for comparison and should make waste evident
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FMEA
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Failure Modes and Effects Analysis – Systematic method for documenting potential failure modes, determining effects, identifying causes of failures, developing plan, team concurrence, and take action.
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FPY
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First Pass Yield – the percentage of parts that went through a process step without a defect.
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Fractional Factorial
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A DOE where all factors are varied, but not all combinations of the factors are run over the experiment.
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f-test
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A test to statistically prove there has been a significant shift in the standard deviation from data set to another.
During process improvement, this test can demonstrate that you have reduced variation from an old process to the new process.
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Full Factorial
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A DOE where all factors are varied and all combinations of the factors are run over the experiment.
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Functional Layout
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The practice of grouping machines or activities by type of operation performed. This is generally not considered Lean.
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Future State Map
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Future state value stream maps show “to be” flow of information and flow of product or service. It includes a redesign of the Current State Map integrating Lean concepts to achieve a desired performance.
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